(The first list item can be rehearsed by itself the second must be rehearsed along with the first, the third along with the first and second, and so on.) The primacy effect is reduced when items are presented quickly and is enhanced when presented slowly (factors that reduce and enhance processing of each item and thus permanent storage). One suggested reason for the primacy effect is that the initial items presented are most effectively stored in long-term memory because of the greater amount of processing devoted to them. Among earlier list items, the first few items are recalled more frequently than the middle items (the primacy effect). When asked to recall a list of items in any order ( free recall), people tend to begin recall with the end of the list, recalling those items best (the recency effect). The term was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus through studies he performed on himself, and refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. Tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst
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